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机器人被视为“制造业皇冠顶端的明珠”,其研发、制造、应用是衡量一个国家科技创新和高端制造业水平的重要标志。

在广东,工业机器人产业蓬勃发展,机器人制造因需而产、因用而研,应用范围不断扩大,相关企业正向更多层次、更高水平的方向研发创新。机器人行业未来将推动制造业迈向高端化、智能化、绿色化。

在广州达意隆包装机械股份有限公司生产车间,两台“吹瓶机器人”集成已经到了最后的调试阶段。机器一启动,机器手“拾”起一粒粒食品级聚乙烯颗粒,而到另一端已经是一个个成品饮料包装瓶。达意隆董事长张颂明向记者介绍,接下来的工作交给灌装机器人、贴标机器人、装箱机器人……整个车间流程下来,不需要一个人,全部用机器人代替。

从上世纪90年代生产简单的包装机械,到后来设计整条食品包装生产线,进入包装机器人领域,达意隆的业务已经拓展到设计整个智能化工厂和外包生产企业的包装业务,客户就只需在完全由机器人操作的智能化工厂另一端,等待各式各样的成品发往全国各地。

在广东,这样的场景越来越多。广东工业机器人企业根据客户需求,研发制造企业所需机器人设备,甚至为企业设计好集成系统,使传统工厂以一种全新的模式出现在大众的视野,大幅提高企业生产效率,而且使整个生产过程更安全、更绿色。

  产需互促激发企业研发

电力装备行业的某家智能工厂里,企业生产主管刚刚接到一张订单,点击鼠标发出生产指令。仓库接到命令后,机器人自动分拣出生产需要的零部件,运送到车间组装,整个过程不需要人参与,这一切都依靠从广州引进的智能工厂制造运行系统。“我现在只需要在办公室里,就能给工序负责人下生产计划,而且能了解到这个项目的运行状态,轻松多了。”该主管说。

来自广州国机智能科技有限公司的刘曙是这个智能系统的设计者,她认为,智能工厂系统管控车间的全生产过程,包括人、机、料、法、环、测各个环节,它把各个环节及智能设备集成到一起,能够大幅提高企业生产效率。

根据客户的现实需求,机器人企业有针对性地进行智能设备和系统研发,已逐渐成为常态。

根据国家《机器人产业发展规划(2016—2020年)》,到2020年,自主品牌工业机器人年产量达到10万台,广东省也要大力打造智能装备及机器人产业。作为制造业大省,广东的工业机器人产业是因需而产、因用而研。“广东的工业机器人发展是自发的,不是因为资本进入投资,而是起源于制造业,有产业基础,也就是需求端和应用端都具备。”广州智能装备研究院总经理助理刘佳说。

近年来,广东省推动产需互促,着力打造智能装备及机器人全产业链生态,产业发展取得了初步成效,形成了涵盖上游数控系统、电主轴、减速器、控制器、伺服电机等关键零部件,中游工业机器人本体,下游系统集成的智能制造产业链,以及自主发展的高档数控机床、注塑机械、包装装备、楼宇装备等智能成套装备的产业体系。

据统计,广东目前活跃的机器人相关企业超过500家,已经成为国内主要工业机器人产业聚集区之一。

  推广应用促进产业发展

机器人产业作为传统制造业走向智能化和信息化的载体,其迸发新动能最大的意义,在于工业运用,为此广东选择机械制造、电子信息、五金家电、纺织服装等发展基础好、需求迫切的制造业领域,实施推广应用计划,鼓励和支持企业优先选用自主可控的国产机器人和成套自动化智能化装备。

2015年广东支持100家重点企业实施“机器人应用”项目,带动全省超过500家企业应用工业机器人;2016、2017年每年新增开展机器人应用项目的企业分别达到650家、750家;2015—2017年累计新增各类工业机器人5万台以上,其中国产机器人占比达到50%。2018年1—10月,广东省工业机器人产量2.74万台(套),同比增长36.0%,占全国产量的23.1%。

广东省内各地也结合自身的具体情况,推广工业机器人应用。广州市重点围绕汽车整车及零部件、包装印刷、纺织服装等行业;深圳市重点围绕电子信息、家电等行业;珠海市重点围绕电子信息、海洋工程装备制造等行业……

政府推广是使用的开始,而企业用得满意才是持续发展的动力。目前,工业机器人产业纷纷加速技术研发创新以应对应用市场的新需求,但现实的供需对接仍存在问题。

一是成本问题。在对智能制造需求最为迫切的企业中,中小微企业是主体,但往往资金有限。对此,广东在完善金融扶持政策、加大财税政策支持力度方面发力,继续推动探索机器人装备租赁和融资租赁模式,建立机器人装备租赁和融资租赁担保机制,发挥金融杠杆作用。

二是研发技术问题。我国机器人产业虽然发展较快,但毕竟起步晚,与国外领先技术还有差距。广东省致力于培育智能制造骨干企业,希望实现示范带动效应,目前全省已经培育机器人骨干企业38家。同时也在探索整合企业创新资源,力求不断实现关键零部件制造技术的突破,推动机器人产业发展。

  新形势提出更高要求

国机智能研发团队正在攻克的目标,是赋予机器人人类般敏捷的思想和行动。他们正在研发的自主分拣机器人,已能通过激光扫描出场景中的三维物体,计算目标物体最合适的抓取点。

国机智能总工程师周勇说:“传统的工业机器人无法感知周围环境的变化,只能执行一些预设的指令,而智能分拣机器人凭借三维视觉和人工智能算法,能够根据周围场景的变化,自主‘思考’完成一些工作,未来这会应用在很多相关领域。”

从一开始的初步自动化改造,到现在的需求升级,许多企业已不满足于目前的自动化水平,这就倒逼机器人企业向更多层次、更高水平的方向研发创新。“现在很多顾客的需求不仅在于买回机器替代人工,更高的要求是向信息化、数字化、智能化升级,这也是机器人产业发展的必然趋势。”中以机器人研究院常务副院长张伦明说。

另一方面,机器人企业也在不断寻求产业链上下游的对接。2018年12月7日,广东省机器人创新中心在广州市黄埔区揭牌,这是在广州成立的第三家省级制造业创新中心,由机器人研发制造企业与产业链上下游单位共同组建。创新中心将整合内地和港澳机器人产学研力量,针对当下机器人产业存在的核心技术缺失和产品可靠性不够高两大痛点,展开核心技术攻关和相关应用技术研究,助推粤港澳大湾区机器人行业协同创新发展。

产业的发展,新动能的形成,看得见的是一个个品牌,一个个产品,看不见的是创新体系、制造体系、配套体系、现代服务业支撑体系等。过去广东制造业领先,竞争力源于众多完备的制造业产业集群:家电制造、电子信息、新纺织印染……甚至在同一个镇同一个产业集群,所有的零部件和上下游配套服务能以最高效的方式结合,从而形成竞争力。

面对新形势,过去传统的产业优势和产业集群优势已经不适应更高层次的竞争。在未来,广东将大力推动重点领域、核心技术攻关,机器人产业成为其中重要的一环。广东将努力把机器人国际高端制造业产业集群建设成世界机器人创新要素的集聚地、先进技术的策源地和制造业创新的示范地。

 

(来源于人民日报)

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